Heart Failure (CHF) In Dogs [Signs, Symptoms & Treatment]

Updated 3/17/25

When it comes to our furry companions, their health and well-being are always top priorities. One condition that pet parents should be aware of is heart failure in dogs. While it may sound daunting, understanding the signs, causes, and treatment options can help you take proactive steps to support your dog’s heart health.

Heart failure occurs when a dog’s heart struggles to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms that can impact their daily life. While it’s more common in older dogs and certain breeds, heart failure can affect any pup. The good news? With advances in veterinary care, many dogs with heart failure can still enjoy happy, fulfilling lives with the right management and treatment.

Recognizing the Signs of Heart Failure in Dogs

If your dog is experiencing any of the following symptoms, it may be time to visit your veterinarian:

• Persistent coughing, especially at night or when lying down
• Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
• Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
• Decreased appetite and weight loss
• Swollen belly (fluid buildup)
• Fainting or collapsing episodes
• Restlessness, particularly at night
• Pale or bluish gums

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in Dogs: What to Know

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a type of heart failure that leads to fluid buildup in different areas of the body. It generally falls into two categories:

• Left-sided CHF: Fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to coughing and breathing difficulties.
• Right-sided CHF: Fluid builds up in the abdomen, chest cavity, or limbs, causing swelling and discomfort.

Some dogs may develop biventricular heart failure, meaning both sides of the heart are affected. The symptoms and severity depend on which part of the heart is struggling, but no matter the type, getting a proper diagnosis is the first step toward effective treatment.

What Causes Heart Failure in Dogs?

Several factors can contribute to heart failure in our four-legged friends, including:

• Chronic Valve Disease: A common issue in small breeds, this condition leads to inefficient blood flow over time.
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): More prevalent in larger breeds, this condition weakens the heart muscle, making it harder to pump blood.
• Heartworm Disease: A preventable yet serious condition that damages the heart and lungs.
• Congenital Heart Defects: Some dogs are born with heart abnormalities that can lead to heart failure later in life.
• High Blood Pressure & Other Health Issues: Hypertension, obesity, thyroid disorders, and infections can all strain the heart.

Certain breeds, such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (prone to valve disease) and Doberman Pinschers (at risk for DCM), may have a higher likelihood of developing heart failure. Regular vet visits and awareness of your dog’s breed-specific health risks can make all the difference.

How Vets Diagnose Heart Failure

If your vet suspects heart failure, they’ll use a combination of tools and tests to confirm the diagnosis. These might include:

• Listening to the Heart & Lungs: A stethoscope can help detect abnormal heart murmurs or fluid in the lungs.
• Chest X-rays: These show heart size and any fluid buildup in the lungs or chest cavity.
• Echocardiogram (Ultrasound of the Heart): This provides a closer look at heart structure and function.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): A test that measures heart rhythm and electrical activity.
• Blood Tests: These assess organ function and check for heart stress markers.
• Blood Pressure Monitoring: High blood pressure can contribute to heart failure.
• Heartworm Testing: If heartworm disease is suspected, testing is essential.

For some cases, advanced imaging like cardiac MRI, CT scans, or genetic testing may be recommended.

Is There Any Treatment for Heart Failure in Dogs?

In the WebMD article that is medically reviewed by Vanesa Farmer, DVM, “Your dog’s treatment depends on what specific heart problem they have and what may be causing it.

Your vet may recommend one or more of the following:

• Medications to help the heart work and correct irregular heartbeats
• Medications to slow fluid build-up in the lungs
• Surgery to correct a torn valve or to insert a pacemaker to correct the heartbeat
• A commercial or prescription low-salt diet to help decrease fluid build-up in your dog’s body
• Limited activity or exercise to manage weight without putting too much strain on your dog’s heart

Your vet may also recommend supplements. Dogs with congestive heart failure may benefit from vitamin B supplements, taurine (an amino acid that supports brain development), or carnitine (an amino acid that helps turn fat into energy). Antioxidants like Coenzyme Q and vitamin E may also help.”